Sustainability Benefits of Urban Density

Sustainability Benefits of Urban Density Shreysha Shreysha (Student ID- 4561552) Project Charter The Vision for Melbourne 2026 Project title: Capture the sustainability benefits of urban density Project description Designing more energy efficient cities is a praiseworthy goal in order to obtain sustainable development. Melbourne is developing as a compact densely populated place to live, learn and work. It has one of the largest urban foot prints and a trend of increasing population in CBD due to job opportunities and facilities that holds number of benefits that can help create a sustainable city moving one step further towards better future. The idea of the project is to utilize the forces generated by urban population into the electrical energy that can be brought into use for different purposes. Purpose and justification The main purpose is to take a full benefit of daily activities of Melbournians and channeling these forces into production of electricity. Utilization of increasing urban density to reduce energy consumption will lead Melbourne towards sustainable future. Melbournes CBD is set to become the largest business center with increasing number of people traveling daily towards the city for jobs. There are many sustainable techniques that contributes in lowering the energy consumption. So, use of floor tiles that convert the kinetic force from a footstep to light up the city is one of them. Installation of such tiles in the main city core where attraction of crowd is more likely can be beneficial. Same ideas can be incorporated in the playgrounds and park where children play. West free gateway is the busiest urban freeway in Melbourne where around 200,000 vehicles passes each day. Installation of specially designed slabs with energy capture device under West gate bridge that converts the vehicle force into electricity to light up the road will reduce dependency on the electrical grids. Melbourne has a booming economy and population that loves being physically fit. The trend and need of leading a healthy life style influenced huge numbers of Melbournians to join fitness center. So, it is of no surprise that there are numbers of gymnasium in Melbourne. Even though the conversion of moving wheels of exercise bikes to energy couldnt be justified in the past due to its high costing. Mass production of such motors and increase in demand may result in the price reduction and may change the scenario in a coming decade. Objective Laying the ground work for creating Melbourne citys sustainable energy future Implementing daily activities to convert kinetic force into electricity To reduce the load of electricity on distribution companies To feed the grids with electrical system rather than depending on it Reduction of energy bill To encourage the mass production of energy capturing devices making it affordable for the consumers. Success Criteria Prioritizing sustainability goals towards area where you can make the most meaningful impact and generate the biggest results. .The accumulated electrical energy can be used to power the services within the same building, area or routed to a new location. Cost effectiveness of the energy capturing devices Switching to energy efficient lighting levels in accordance with your production schedule will reduce long term electrical costs. Highlighting project initiatives to the public will help to attract a whole base of customers, resulting in increase in sales. Innovation of new technology that holds benefits for the community Assumptions and Constraints Assumption: Installation costs are high but considering the long run benefit the project becomes feasible. Reduction on the price of devices will attract more eyes towards this technique resulting in the success of the project Similar techniques to be adopted for other activities in future. Constraints: If the installation cost for the motor/generator (energy capturing devices) that is used in the exercise bike doesnt descend, energy output from this technology will have to wait a decade to recover the money that has been invested. Initiation of the project is possible only if the sponsors agree to invest. Lack of support from the community High level Project description A sustainable solution has always been a topic of interest and has been given priority because of its positive and healthy results. Therefore, proper study and justification of the project is to be submitted in order to collect funds form the sponsors (Victorian Government, private organizations) High level risks Energy output from the motor(devices) will have to wait a decade to regain the money invested on this technology if the installation cost for motors/generators in the exercise bikes doesnt descends. Will have to face a huge loss if the people does not support the idea of this technique. Summary milestone A greener city that lights up with the energy created by its urban residents. Over a decade or so, we might dream of a city that feeds the grid rather than depending on it leading the city to better and brighter future. Deliverables The main deliverables of this project are the installation of motors and generator of electricity which gets charged by the human and vehicular force in the area with maximum occupancy of people and vehicles. The main target area for this project would be the main CBD of Melbourne, Playgrounds, West gate bridge and fitness centers in Melbourne. Summary budget Sustainability fund distribution by the Victorian government can be one of the option for collecting budget for the project. The government is investing funds in sustainability projects to improve resource efficiency in Victorian community. So, this would be the opportunity to introduce strategic initiatives to receive investment through funds distributed by the government. Stakeholder list Electricity distribution companies Government of Victoria Residents of Melbourne Fitness centers Department of transport and main roads (Victoria) West gate freeway West gate bridge Sponsors Approval requirements Approval from the Victorian government Approval from the sponsors To be further investigated PM authority on staffing, technical, decision, conflict, resolution, budget management To be investigated Sponsor Victorian government Private organizations To be further investigated

Nathaniel Bacon Essay

One historian has remarked that Bacon’s Rebellion was â€Å"a rebellion with abundant causes but without a cause.† Do you agree? What were the causes of Bacon’s Rebellion? Did Nathaniel Bacon have a cause? Did William Berkeley? In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon marched into Jamestown, Virginia alongside 600 men ready to fight, demanding a military commission. After threatening William Berkeley, the Governor of Virginia and Nathaniel’s own cousin, Bacon was given a military commission. â€Å"In the following months, Bacon’s men waged brutal war against the Indians, turned their guns on Berkeley’s government, forced it to flee Jamestown, and burned the colony’s capital to the ground† (Hollitz, 19). I do not agree with this historian because some of Bacon’s causes for rebellion were important enough to the people living in Virginia to want changes. Taxes began to rise on tobacco, salaries of the government officials began to increase, and no servants were selected to the council after 1640. In 1675 colonists ordered Governor Berkeley to return with an army after killings by the Indians alongside the Fall Line (The line marking the waterfalls of nearly parallel rivers). In March of 1676 the representatives announced war on â€Å"all such Indians who †¦ shall be discovered to have committed murders †¦ and depredation† (Hollitz, 23). Trading with Indians was also now illegal which placed even more economic stress on those traders that needed Indian products to survive. Nathaniel Bacon had a cause for the rebellion after one of his supervisors was killed in a Susquehanna attack. Berkeley’s main reason for being against Bacon’s Rebellion was because he worked out an arrangement in 1644 to avoid conflicts with the Native Americans. In exchange for a large piece of land, he agreed to keep settlers from pushing farther into their lands. After Bacon’s death on October 26, 1676 his rebellion began to decease and everything was eventually restored back to order.

The Doctrine of Equivalents - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2529 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION Before discussing the doctrine of equivalents it is necessary to understand its origin and the reasons which lead to the application of the doctrine in the patent law cases. The Doctrine of Equivalents is a doctrine which was judicially originated by the U.S courts. There are various reasons behind establishment of the doctrine by the courts. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Doctrine of Equivalents" essay for you Create order Also the debate over the doctrine of equivalents has raging from more than 150 years, ever since the doctrine has come into existence.[1] When we talk about the doctrine of equivalents as it is interpreted by the Supreme Court of the United States, several issues rise into prominence. It is prudent to note that the patent laws of all countries specify certain minimum conditions, which needs to be fulfilled, prior to the grant of the patent[2] by the concerned authority. Talking about the position of the law in India, all such patent claims with regard to their infringement are governed by the Patents Act 1970. And therefore the concept which is important to be understood with the Doctrine of Equivalents is that of infringement. Simplifying it, whenever any violation of the patent holderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rights takes place then it is to be known as infringement. Infringement takes place in two ways; one is the literal infringement where the infringer copies exactly the same product or process of the patent holder and hence it leads to a direct and clear infringement. Second is the non-literal infringement where the infringer makes certain minor changes and manipulations in the particular product or process of the patent holder. The Doctrine of Equivalents is a kind of non-literal infringement. In this paper the author puts forth to consider the feasibility of the goal of universal harmonization as regards to the interpretation of the doctrine of equivalents and the scope for adopting the same in the Indian Legal System. The author adopts a comparative approach and discussed the position of the applicability of the doctrine in different countries. NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS AND ITS LIMITATIONS Whenever there is a case of patent infringement in front of the courts there are two main stages which the courts follow in order to investigate the infringement claim. The first stage is to check whether the particular product or process is lit erally infringing the patented product or process and the second is to check the infringement under the doctrine of equivalents. The second stage mainly takes place when the first stage fails. By saying this it means that during the judicial determination if there is no literal infringements found then the courts apply the second stage which talks about infringement under the doctrine of equivalents. Equivalence means that a claim element and its counterpart in a product do substantially the same thing in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result.[3] HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE DOCTRINE The aforesaid doctrine was established by the judicial efforts to stop competitors from making insignificant changes and modification to the claimed invention, and adding nothing in order to avoid the literal infringement. The view point by the U.S Supreme Court where the court first applied the idea of equivalents over a century ago in Winnans v. Denmead[4] aim ing to secure the necessary protection to the inventors.[5] This was a perceived beginning of the doctrine. In Winans[6] the patent claim involved introduction of a new mode of operation for the railroad cars. The accused device employed the same mode of operation; however the geometrical form of the cars was different than that which was claimed by the patentee. The court held: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“because the exclusive right to the thing patented is not secured, if the public are at liberty to make sufficient copies of it, varying its forms or propositions,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the patentee, having described his invention, and shown its principles, and claimed it in that form which most perfectly embodies it, is, in contemplation of law, deemed to claim every form which his invention may be copied, unless he manifests an intention to disclaim some of those forms.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Also in a Supreme Court case[7] the expression à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“doctrine of equivalentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  was used was McCormick v. Talcott.[8] The issue concerning the doctrine arose out of a suit brought by the patentee against persons who had made an improvement in a machine known as the McCormickà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reaper of which the patented invention was also an improvement.[9] The patentee charged infringement of the claim for the divider, or that part of the reaping machine, which separates the grain to be cut from that which is to be left standing.[10] Justice Grier proposed dismissing the claim on the grounds that it is infringing improvement of the machine is lacking with the dividing-iron or its equivalent. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“[The patentee] could not challenge other improvements of the same machine, different in form or combination, as infringements, because they perform the same functions as well or better by calling them à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"equivalentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[11] Subsequent to these cases, the issue relating to the doctrine of equivalents came up in several cas es, which led to the creation of several tests, which would help the Court find out whether an object is equivalent to the claimed invention.[12] APPLICATION OF THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS As it is a judicially created concept (by the U.S courts) the judiciary has laid down certain tests to apply the doctrine of equivalents. The tests are; i) Function-way result test, ii) Substantiality of difference test. The Doctrine was further established by the U.S courts in the case related to patent infringement of Graver Tank and manufacturing Co. v. Linder Air Products[13] . In this case the Supreme Court adopted the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“function-way result testà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  in order to find out the infringement in relation to the doctrine of equivalents. The test considered that whether the element in the infringing device performs substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result similar to that of the element in the patented clai m. Nearly about 50 years after the Graver Tankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, the U.S Supreme Court acknowledged the doctrine of equivalents again in Warner à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"Jenkinson Co. v. Hilton Davis Chem Co.[14] criticized and commented on the limited application of the function-way result test in Graver tank. The court said that this method of function-way result test is although a valid method but not the only method (particularly for mechanical products and devices) for the purpose of determining the equivalence. The court in this case threw the light on the other method that is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“substantiality of differences testà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as criteria to determine equivalence between the patented invention and the accused one. This test is a kind of objective test. The courts say that rather than relying on the unexplained subjective conclusions there should be objective evidence upon which the substantiality of the differences should rest. If a person skilled in art can d iscover the interchangeability of the accused and claimed product. The Interchangeability which is known is powerful evidence that a person skilled in art would have considered a change insubstantial. If the claimed and accused elements are recognized by those of skill in the art to be opposing ways of doing something, they are likely not insubstantially different.[15] By this the Supreme Court is keeping in mind the scope of patent rights of a patentee to protect its patent and how to create a balance between both. LIMITATIONS TO THE DOCTRINE OF EQUIVALENTS The federal courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision in the landmark case of Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kabushiki Co.[16] again threw a light on the law dealing with doctrine of equivalence. In this particular case there were two patents which were granted to Festo which were Stoll patent and Carroll patent, both were related to magnetically coupled rodless cylinders. While Festo was marketing its devices the SMC Pneumati cs Inc and the defendant company started marketing a similar device. There were several issues which arose and which were discussed at stretch and then finally the case came up before the Federal Court, which gave a concept and came to a conclusion that prosecution history estoppel[17] could arise at any time whenever any claim made by the plaintiff is narrowed at the time of prosecution in order to satisfy the requirements of the Statute. The Court also went on to discuss the interplay between the doctrine of equivalents and prosecution history estoppel by observing that when prosecution history estoppel is applicable, it will create a complete bar on the use of the doctrine of equivalents.[18] This approach of the Festo Court is known as the Complete Bar Approach. However, the Festo controversy kept on going and did not end at the Federal Circuit Court. This is because an appeal was filed against the order by Festo. The Supreme Court unanimously rejected the Complete Bar Approa ch as propounded by the Federal Circuit Court.[19] There were repeated clarifications made by the court that the principle does not restrain the inventors from assessing the from assessing the infringement against every equivalent to the narrowed element. Instead, the Supreme Court went on to establish a presumption by which the onus shifts to the patentee to show that the concerned amendment does not surrender the particular equivalent in question.[20] The Court thereafter gave three ways by which the presumption could be rebutted.[21] Therefore, we observe that the Court approached the issue in a flexible manner striving to maintain a balance between innovation and certainty.[22] Apart from the Festo decision, there were number of cases like Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals Inc v. Apotex Inc.,[23] Sheet Metal Workers Local Health and Welfare Plan et al v. Glaxosmithkline Plc[24] it was held that the patent holders were not able to invoke the doctrine of equivalents when they had n arrowed down their claim during the prosecution of patent. [1] M.Scott Boone, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Defining and Refining the Doctrine of Equivalents: Notice and Prior Art, Language and Fraud,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  43 IDEA 645 (2003). [2] For further analysis of patentable subject matter, see Section 3 of the Indian Patents Act, 1970. [3] Nard Craig Allen, A theory of claim interpretation, Harvard Journal of Law and Technology, 14 (2000) 1-15. The doctrine of equivalents prevents subsequent inventors from stealing the patented invention by making insignificant changes that avoid infringing the literal language of the claims yet result in essentially the same invention. [4] 56 U.S. 330 (1854) [5] Elizabeth Verkey, Law of Patents, pp.420-21 (Eastern Book Company, 2nd Edition) [6] 56 U.S. 330 (1854) [7] However this does not rule out the usage of the expression prior to 1957 in lower courts. This is evidenced by the fact that in 1949, a reference was made to a doctrine, in a jury charge by Justice Nelson, riding circuit. This doctrine, distinguishing a defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s article of manufacture from a claimed invention, was referred to in the jury charge by Justice Nelson in Buck v. Hermance, 4 F.Cas.550 (C.C.N.D.N.Y. 1849, Case no. 2082). This case concerned a suit by the patentee Buck, against a manufacturer of stoves for an infringement of his patent, which claimed the combination of a fire-chamber with an extended oven and flues. Justice Nelson charged the jury to whether the patent was valid and whether there was any infringement. It is pertinent to point out the relevant parts of Justice Nelsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s charge here. It read as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“In order to be patentable, the charge must be substantial, as contradistinguished from formal. The new article must be different from the article on which it is claimed to be an improvement, not only in its mechanical contrivance and construction but also in its practical operation and effect in produci ng the useful result. This is not formalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is necessary to note that the emphasis on the Justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Nelsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s identity is not unwarranted as the same Judge, subsequently was the author of the Supreme Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision in Hotchkiss v. Greenwood, 52 U.S. 248 (1850), wherein he required that a patentable invention evidence more skill and ingenuity than that required by an ordinary mechanic acquainted with the business. [8] 61 U.S. 402 (1857) [9] Note Justice Grierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion for the Court in this regard. He states, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the inventor of the first improvement cannot invoke the doctrine of equivalents to suppress all other improvements which are not colorable invasions of the first.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [10] The claim can be reproduced in the interest of clarity as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I claim the combination of the bow L and the dividing-iron M for separat ing the wheat in the way described.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  [11] Supra Note 6. One of the foremost criticism against Justice Grierà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion, noted by the author in Alan Klein, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Doctrine of Equivalents: Where it is Now, What it is,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  83 J. Pat. Trademark Off. Socà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢y 515 (2001), relates to the failure of the honourable Justice to define the terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“doctrine of equivalentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“equivalentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [12] See the decisions in Union Paper-Bag Machine Co. v. Murphy, (1877) 97 US 120; City of Elizabeth v. American Nicholson Pavement Co., (1877) 97 US 126. Also note the scholarly opinion of Garde Tanuja, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Legal Certainty, Stare Decisis and the doctrine of equivalentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , European Intellectual Property Review, 27(10) (2005) 365. [13] 339 US 605 (1950) [14] 520 US 17, 41 USPQ 2d 1865 (1997) [15] Brilliant Instruments, Inc., v. Gu ideTech, LLC, No. 2012-1018, slip op., at page10-11 [16] 234 F.3d. 558 (2002). For further discussion on the case refer to John Richards et al., Symposium, Panel I: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The End of Equivalents? Examining the Fallout from Festoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 13 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media Ent. L. J. 727, 763 n.135 (2003); Michael J. Meurer Craig Allen Nard, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Invention, Refinement and Patent Claim Scope: A New Perspective on the Doctrine of Equivalentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , 93 Geo. L.J. 1947 (2005) [17] This is the most common argument against the principle of doctrine of equivalents. This principle applies where a patent applicant narrow down the patent claim during the patent prosecution in order to avoid prior art or otherwise to address a specific concern that would have made the claim unpatentable. In essence, this principle bars the applicant from later on using the doctrine of equivalents to recapture what he had surrendered earlier. The noted cases relevant in this context are Shepard v. Carrigan, 116 U.S. 593 (Sup. Ct. 1885); Warner-Jenkinson Company, Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co., 520 U.S. 17 (Sup. Ct. 1997); Festo Corp v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co. Ltd. 535 U.S. 722 (Sup. Ct., 2002). [18] ibid [19] 122 US 1831. [20] ibid [21] 122 US 1831,at p. 1842. The presumption could be rebutted by demonstrating that the equivalent may have been unforeseeable at the time of the application; or that the reason behind the amendment bears only an indirect relation to the equivalent in question; or some other reason. [22] Subsequent to this case, the Federal Circuit in many cases was asked to consider the scope of narrowing the claims. See Andrew Tuck, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Honneywell International Inc. v. Hamilton Sundstrand Corp: A rose by an independent description does not smell as sweetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Georgia Law Review, 39(4)(2005) 1521 at p. 1541. [23] 350 F.3d. 1235 (2003). [24] 2006 US Dist LEXIS 9687, Also See Dr. Unnià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s work on the same; While discussing the use of the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"limitationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, the Federal Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion in a couple of cases warrants mention. The Court stated that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It is preferable to use the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"limitationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ when referring to claim language and the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"elementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ when referring to the accused device.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoko Kogyo Kabushki Co., 234 F.3d 558 at p. 564 (Fed. Cir. 2000) (In note 1, wherein the Court referred to the decision in Dawn Equip. Co. v. Kentucky Farms Inc., 140 F.3d 1009 (Fed. Cir. 1998).

Cyber Bullying - 1632 Words

Do you know what it is like to be called names, tortured about your interests, your hobbies, your preferences, or even your lifestyle? Have you ever experienced this kind of torment through social media, email, or even texting? It is called cyber bullying; â€Å"When someone repeatedly makes fun of another person online or repeatedly picks on another person through email, text messaging or when someone posts something online about another person that they don’t like† (Patchin). There are several different motives why someone may cyber bully. Three of the well-known reasons are jealousy, popularity, and home life. These motives will be discussed in this paper. The first thing to discuss is the definition on cyber bullying. One definition of†¦show more content†¦Someone might think saying a rude comment or calling someone names might make them fit it because the popular people are rude. Popularity is very important to social status and very common in teenagers today. If a teenager does not have the popularity in their life, their life means nothing to them. Girls and boys try to fit in with the crowd. â€Å"Top of the food chain† is a word commonly used in schools to refer to the â€Å"Popular crowd†, or â€Å"Jocks and Cheerleaders†. People think it is appropriate to make fun of others who are not as fortunate as they are. For instance, the rich verse the poor is a common instance in bullying. Someone might shop at Goodwill because of a family financial situation while someone may shop at Aeropostal because the financial situation of the family is able to handle the name brand clothing. There have been reports of rude comments from several teenagers who think badly about someone that might shop at lower income businesses (Foss). In today’s economic circumstances, there are more people shopping at the Good Will or Salvation Army. It is the handful of others who do not need to who make fun of the ones that do. It is the minority bullying the majority. Drugs have become a big problem in today’s society. There are so many rumors about them. Some being, you are only cool if you do drugs. Therefor making a reason for you to get picked on. If youShow MoreRelatedBullying And The Cyber Bullying Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesIDENTIFICATION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND Cyber bullying refers to something when one uses their cell phone, computers or an electronic device to access internet and technology for the purpose of harassment and providing harms to others. Sending inappropriate messages, uploading disturbing images, threatening and posting something without someone’s’ approval are the forms of cyber bullying. The main aim of this research study is to look after the cyber bullying and the possible reasons of occurrenceRead MoreBullying Evolution : Cyber Bullying1870 Words   |  8 Pages Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying 1858 Words 8 Pages At some point during your childhood, you may have encountered that troubled individual, typically known as the â€Å"bully† that drove fear in the hearts of the weakest link by humiliating them, taking what is rightfully theirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet)Read MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not be tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead MoreThe Problem of Cyber Bullying1323 Words   |  6 Pages(â€Å"An Old Problem with a New Face†). Since the rapid growth of technology, cyber bullying has become life-threatening for too many teenagers. Now that teenagers have phones and technology almost twenty-four hours a day, they are putting themselves at a greater risk of being cyber bullied. Cyber bullying is different from regular, old-school bullying; cyber bullying is using the internet to ruin the life of other teenagers. â€Å"Cyber bulling is when a teenager is tormented, threatened, harassed, humiliatedRead MoreIs It Serious? Cyber Bullying? Essay1175 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Cyberbulling is Very Serious Cyber bullying by definition is the use of electronic communication to bully a person, typically by sending messages of an intimidating or threatening nature. This occurs mainly among young people ages between 13- 18. Base on my research I found out in the past decade, there have been multiple cyberbullying cases that ended with the victims taking their own lives. I believe there is more we can do to help with this issue. There is information out there that isRead MoreCyber Bullying And Its Effects1411 Words   |  6 PagesStudies indicate that cyber-bullying incidents have quadrupled in past five years (Ross). Cyber-bullying has become a huge issue recently. Every time you turn on the news there is another bullying, or a suicide related to bullying, incident being reported. â€Å"Love is louder† has been a common phrase among celebrities and influential figures lately. They are trying to send out a message to their followers saying that bullying is not right and should not b e tolerated. The expansion of communication technologiesRead More Cyber Bullying Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesHalligan kill[ed] himself after months of harassment, including instant messages calling him gay† (Billitteri.) Cyber bullying is much more dangerous than traditional bullying, and should be punished with much stricter guide lines, not just within schools but within criminal courts as well. Traditional bullying was done on school grounds, at the bus stop, or walking home, but today cyber bullies leave teens vulnerable to the abuse with no place to seek refuge. â€Å"Its a non-stop type of harassmentRead MoreThe Issues Of Cyber Bullying946 Words   |  4 Pages Coastal Carolina University The Issues of Cyber-bullying Alyssa Staub CSCI 101 – D1 Professor Matthews October 23, 2017 â€Æ' Cyber bullying has been a topic for scholarly inquiry, political debate, and policy reform since the commercialization of the Internet. Pre-internet bullying involved socially marginalized children and teenagers picking on their friends and other marginalized children at school. Traditional discipline included detentions, phone calls to their parentsRead More Bullying Evolution: Cyber-bullying Essay1869 Words   |  8 Pagestheirs, constantly picking on them and sometimes even inflicting physical abuse. Well I hate to break it to you but this individual is back and is more equipped than before, preying on the weak and vulnerable in the cyber world (internet). Most recently, it took a crime wave of â€Å"cyber bullying† before our media and leaders in the Untied States gave it attention; now that the American people realize that the â€Å"classroom bully† has evolved into a more dangerously clever and sinister inflictor of emotionalRead MoreBullying Vs Cyber Bullying E ssay2021 Words   |  9 PagesBullying is a major problem that impacts many teens over generations, causing an endless cycle of bullying. With the new age of technology, this leads to new issues that are affecting teens’ lives. One of these issues is that cyberbullying is quickly becoming more common than the traditional playground bullying, as more social media are appealing to teens. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens using electronic devices such as phones, laptops, and tablets. This form of bullying includes